copyfuchs

Position: Recruit

Joined: 2021-10-21

Other

Overall Stats

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	913		0		0		0
Ø Tier	5,11		0,00		0,00		0,00
Victories	433	47,43%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	461	50,49%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	19	2,08%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	257	28,15%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	665	0,73	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	1,01		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	406	0,44	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	444,65		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	366	0,40	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	899	0,98	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	339,69		0,00		0,00		0,00
WN7	795,50		0,00		0,00		0,00
WN8	820,08		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	913
Ø Tier	5,11
Victories	433	47,43%
Defeats	461	50,49%
Draws	19	2,08%
Battles survived	257	28,15%
Tanks destroyed	665	0,73
Destruction ratio	1,01
Tanks spotted	406	0,44
Damage dealt	444,65
Capture points	366	0,40
Defense points	899	0,98
Experience	339,69
WN7	795,50
WN8	820,08

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Ø Tier	0,00
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00
WN7	0,00
WN8	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Ø Tier	0,00
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00
WN7	0,00
WN8	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Ø Tier	0,00
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00
WN7	0,00
WN8	0,00

Created at: 03/19/2016, 09:08 PM UTC

Last battle: 04/13/2025, 12:45 PM UTC

Last update: 08/18/2025, 02:38 AM UTC

Globalmap Absolute X

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Globalmap Champion VIII

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Globalmap Middle VI

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Company statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Team statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Skirmishes statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Stronghold defense statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

World of Tanks Profile

Anzeigen

Tanks (77)

Tank Name	Tier	Ø Damage	Ø XP	Battles	Victories	WN8
KV-2	6	558,84	365	200	49,00%	865,28
Sturmpanzer II	4	300,10	198	90	46,67%	844,49
Panhard AMD 178B	6	323,22	326	49	46,94%	750,30
Pz.Kpfw. I Ausf. C	3	335,32	347	34	52,94%	1690,75
SU-100Y	6	1233,91	691	34	58,82%	2542,08
M10 RBFM	5	666,65	504	31	38,71%	1271,57
T-50-2	6	257,21	413	29	44,83%	463,24
T-46	3	139,52	208	29	55,17%	481,71
Super Hellcat	7	338,29	421	28	53,57%	337,18
VK 28.01 mit 10,5 cm L/28	6	279,00	353	23	56,52%	536,25
Sturmpanzer I Bison	3	162,71	137	21	33,33%	321,76
GSOR the TANK	9	1411,44	468	18	33,33%	1103,75
Gabler’s Destroyer	5	528,81	461	16	43,75%	1723,03
Object 283	9	501,56	431	16	50,00%	296,34
SU-152	7	512,87	380	15	53,33%	562,71
Convert. Medium Tank T3	3	594,92	484	12	41,67%	1942,26
Valentine AT	4	278,83	198	12	50,00%	650,04
Heavy Tank No. VI	6	442,40	342	10	40,00%	464,23
T-28	4	153,70	286	10	60,00%	388,60
Cromwell B	6	690,70	418	10	40,00%	1148,22
Dicker Max	6	507,00	256	10	20,00%	591,79
Primo Victoria	8	493,22	466	9	33,33%	318,30
M2 Light Tank	2	419,56	317	9	44,44%	2157,90
Alecto	4	496,33	329	9	44,44%	1424,35
Pz.Kpfw. IV Ausf. H	5	113,56	178	9	22,22%	5,02
KV-1	5	430,00	413	9	44,44%	713,27
SU-26	3	146,22	80	9	11,11%	140,66
M37	4	238,13	166	8	62,50%	811,58
SU-5	4	69,75	168	8	50,00%	136,34
AMX 105 AM mle. 47	4	80,50	144	8	37,50%	0,00
WZ-120-1G FT	8	951,00	385	7	28,57%	647,93
AMX ELC bis	5	420,86	351	7	42,86%	1480,85
KV-1SA	5	238,17	250	6	33,33%	187,50
T1 Cunningham	1	339,67	201	6	50,00%	2287,26
Birch Gun	4	96,50	103	6	33,33%	63,23
Tetrarch	2	46,60	222	5	80,00%	261,00
Marder 38T	4	219,00	120	5	20,00%	311,52
Valentine	3	405,40	424	5	100,00%	1568,27
Wespe	3	51,60	137	5	60,00%	219,71
Pz.Kpfw. III Ausf. E	3	771,25	428	4	75,00%	3399,55
M2	2	451,25	261	4	25,00%	2238,76
KV-1S	6	335,00	461	4	50,00%	429,13
MS-1	1	347,75	604	4	100,00%	3016,74
Pz.Kpfw. IV Ausf. A	3	252,25	215	4	50,00%	771,73
T-26	2	195,00	414	3	100,00%	1195,74
BT-5	3	140,00	174	3	66,67%	466,05
ISU-152	8	634,67	500	3	33,33%	340,60
Waffenträger auf E 100	10	395,33	428	3	33,33%	0,00
Cruiser Mk. III	3	273,00	176	3	0,00%	1292,83
Renault UE 57	3	201,67	167	3	33,33%	402,35
T-34-85M	6	79,67	406	3	100,00%	261,00
KV-13	7	838,33	458	3	33,33%	1265,83
M24E2 Super Chaffee	6	257,67	262	3	0,00%	403,76
M16/43 Sahariano	3	603,50	610	2	100,00%	2094,53
Leichttraktor	1	144,50	158	2	0,00%	536,31
Pz.Kpfw. IV hydrostat.	5	786,00	769	2	50,00%	2099,39
Renault NC-31	1	80,50	208	2	100,00%	440,69
Pz.Kpfw. III Ausf. J	4	101,50	160	2	50,00%	128,93
FV4202	8	464,50	489	2	50,00%	444,44
Renault Otsu	1	85,00	305	2	50,00%	322,39
M3 Stuart	3	34,00	108	2	0,00%	0,00
Patton the Tank	9	880,00	574	2	100,00%	888,03
T-34 shielded	5	511,50	781	2	100,00%	1518,86
M7 Priest	3	290,00	126	2	50,00%	705,04
Hotchkiss EBR	7	148,50	81	2	0,00%	13,40
Marder II	3	346,00	192	2	50,00%	1111,72
T-50	5	74,50	148	2	50,00%	100,37
Kolohousenka	1	42,50	52	2	0,00%	0,00
SU-18	2	70,00	174	1	100,00%	395,09
Loyd Gun Carriage	2	67,00	42	1	0,00%	161,50
Jagdpanzer 38(t) Hetzer	4	0,00	116	1	100,00%	261,00
Pz.Kpfw. IV Ausf. F2	5	666,00	909	1	100,00%	1713,38
LT vz. 38	3	159,00	92	1	0,00%	356,62
G.Pz. Mk. VI (e)	2	0,00	38	1	0,00%	0,00
Pz.Kpfw. II Ausf. G	3	165,00	345	1	100,00%	660,40
FCM 2C	3	685,00	673	1	100,00%	3495,27
L6/40	2	579,00	525	1	100,00%	3893,48

Graphs

WN8

Anzeigen

Clan history

[14PZB] 14.pz battalion

Position: Recruit

Joined: 2021-10-21

[14PZB] 14.pz battalion

Position: Recruit

Joined: 2021-10-21

Left: 2024-12-24

[82PB] 82.Panzerbataillon

Position: Recruit

Joined: 2021-10-15

Left: 2021-10-15

copyfuchs

Overall Stats

Globalmap Absolute X

Globalmap Champion VIII

Globalmap Middle VI

Company statistics

Team statistics

Skirmishes statistics

Stronghold defense statistics

Share

Tanks (77)

Graphs

WN8

Clan history